Inland vs. Outland Spousal Sponsorship in Canada: Which Option is Right for You?

Are you looking to sponsor your spouse or partner for permanent residency in Canada? There are two main pathways to do so: inland and outland spousal sponsorship.

Each option has its advantages, challenges, and eligibility criteria. The choice you make can significantly impact your immigration journey.

In this article, Nihang Law will break down the key differences between the two options to help your determine which is right for you and your spouse.

What is Inland Spousal Sponsorship?

Inland spousal sponsorship is for couples who are already living together in Canada. The principal applicant must either be a Canadian citizen or a permanent resident. On the other hand, IRCC has a public policy that may allow spouses without status in Canada to be sponsored, provided they are not inadmissible for reasons such as security, criminality, or misrepresentation.

The sponsored spouse should be in Canada throughout the entire application process. This option allows your spouse to work while waiting for their permanent residency, as inland applicants are also eligible to apply for an Open Work Permit. This pilot program has been extended until December 31, 2026.

Key Features:

• Temporary Resident Status: The sponsored spouse must remain in Canada throughout the application process.
• Open Work Permit Option: Inland applicants can apply for an Open Work Permit, allowing them to work while waiting for their permanent residency.
• Longer Processing Times: Inland applications typically take longer to process than outland applications. Currently, IRCC processing time for Inland Sponsorship is at 23 months. These processing times are subject to change.  For the most accurate and up-to-date information, it’s recommended to consult the official IRCC processing times page
• In-Person Presence: The couple must cohabit Canada while the application is processed.

When to Consider Inland Sponsorship:

• Your spouse is already living in Canada with valid temporary status.
• You want your spouse to work during the application process by applying for an Open Work Permit.
• You plan to stay in Canada together throughout the sponsorship process.

What is Outland Spousal Sponsorship?

If their spouse is living outside of Canada, Canadian citizens and permanent residents can still sponsor their partner through the Outland Spousal Sponsorship. This route is also an option for a spouse who is in Canada but prefers to have their application processed through their home country’s visa office.

Canadian citizens may submit an outland sponsorship application even if they are residing outside Canada, provided they show they will return to Canada once their spouse’s permanent residence is approved. Permanent residents, however, must be physically residing in Canada to sponsor.

Key Features:

• Flexibility to Travel: The sponsored spouse can live abroad or visit Canada during the process, though entry into Canada is not guaranteed and is at the discretion of border services officers. Even with a valid visa or eTA, the spouse may still be denied entry
• Access to Appeal: If the application is denied, you have the right to appeal the decision.
• Faster Processing Times: Outland applications are generally processed more quickly compared to inland ones, although timelines may vary based on the visa office handling the case. Currently, IRCC processing times for Outland Sponsorship is at 15 months. These processing times are subject to change.  For the most accurate and up-to-date information, it’s recommended to consult the official IRCC processing times page
• Requires Long-Distance Management: If the couple is separated during the process, communication and documentation become crucial.

When to Consider Outland Sponsorship:

• Your spouse lives outside Canada and prefers to remain there during processing.
• You need more flexibility with travel during the process.
• You want the option to appeal a denial.

Comparing the Two Options: A Quick Overview

Challenges and Considerations for Both Streams

• Proof of Genuine Relationship: Both streams require thorough documentation to prove that the relationship is genuine (photos, travel history, shared finances, etc.).
• Document Requirements: Incomplete or incorrectly submitted applications can cause delays in both inland and outland cases. Consulting with a lawyer can help streamline the process.
• Uncertainty in Travel (for Outland Sponsorship): While an outland spouse can visit Canada, entry is never guaranteed, and border officers may deny access.

Which Option is Right for You?

The decision between inland and outland spousal sponsorship depends on your current living situation and future plans. If your spouse is already in Canada and you want them to work during the process, inland sponsorship may be ideal. However, if you need flexibility with travel or your spouse plans to remain outside Canada, outland sponsorship might be the better option.

How Nihang Law Can Help

At Nihang Law, we understand how stressful the sponsorship process can be. Whether you’re navigating inland or outland sponsorship, we provide personalized guidance to help you gather the right documents, avoid delays, and overcome any challenges along the way.

Contact us today to schedule a consultation and take the first step toward reuniting with your loved one.